MARKET REPORTS:Classification of Markets, Wholesale Market

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Lesson 32

MARKET REPORTS

The place where we go to buy or sell commodities is commonly known as market. Technically speaking,

market is not a place or bazaar where we go to buy or sell, but it is indeed a contact of buyer and seller. The

world has become a global village making buying and selling possible without going anywhere. Information

Technology has mainly played its part in doing so.

Prof. Chapman says while defining the market that it refers not a place but to a commodity or

commodities and buyers and sellers of the same who are in direct competition with one another. We can

name these as Rice Market, Wheat Market, Yarn Market, Fruit Market, etc.

How Market Works

The operations of transferring goods or services from the producers to the consumers can also be

considered as marketing operations, though the market basically determines the price.

The term Marketing also deals with providing facilities to producers and consumers.

It also creates place, time and possession utilities.

To make the things easier, Market can be divided into different sections. Each section deals in only

one commodity.

Sale is done by sampling. Experts supervise this sale. This system saves time and money.

Buyers and sellers have their own representatives in the market known as brokers, agents, dealers,

etc. They have got an important role to play in the market. They reach and provide the commodities to

buyers and sellers. They receive commission for their services.

Some buyers and sellers make "Future planning to earn profit. They make contracts of buying and

selling in future. They neither make delivery nor pay the price until the promised period. They earn,

expecting a rise or fall in price.

By using Information Technology, the trader is able to compete from one corner of the world to

the other in a very short time.

Experts prepare bulletins and market-reports for commercial information and publish them daily,

weekly, monthly or annually.

Newspapers, Television, Radio and Internet are also used for this purpose.

Classification of Markets

We can classify markets in different ways:

Markets may be classified in respect of ownership or area of operation.

Based on the volume of transactions markets may be classified into wholesale and retail.

Based on the things bought and sold, we have

(a) commodity and (b) capital market.

Commodity Market

Raw materials or manufactured products are dealt as commodities. Every commodity has a

different method of its sale depending upon its nature. The nature of commodity also affects the process of

delivery in commodity market. Different commodities have different methods of delivery.

Raw agricultural and mineral produces are dealt in the produce exchange market which is scientifically organized

commodity market.

Manufactured or semi-manufactured commodities are dealt in the Manufactured Goods Market.

Precious materials like gold, silver, etc. are dealt in the Bullion Market. These markets work only in specific areas of

the world.

Capital Market

The capital Market fulfills the requirements of capital for industrial and commercial organizations.

Capital is the backbone of an industry. We first need capital to start an industry and then to run it.

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The capital market can further be divided into three sections.

(1)

Money Market (2) The Foreign Exchange Market and

(3) The Stock Exchange

Market.

The money market only deals with short-term loans. It finances the existing business operations.

The funds of the public are invested to gain profits. Bank is used as agent. Through this agent industrial and

business organizations are lent. Then again this agent is used to receive the money.

The foreign exchange market mainly deals with the buying and selling of foreign currencies. It is a

very specific market. It has got a key role to play in the import export trade.

The stock exchange market is a well organized market which is helpful in buying and selling of

stocks and shares of many industrial and commercial organizations. The expansion of this market is directly

related to the expansion of industrial and commercial concerns.

Wholesale Market

When commodities are supplied directly to dealers, it is known as a wholesale market.

Retail Market

When commodities are sold directly to consumers, it is known as a Retail Market.

Market Report

Definition

A market report describes the condition of a commodity in the market on a certain date for a

specific period. It points out the business conditions in a market at a given time.

Market Report may be of a day, a week, a month, a year or even a number of years.

Daily Market Report shows the price of goods on a mentioned date. It also describes the closing

rates of the previous day, the opening rates of that day, the highest and the lowest rates and the demand and

supply of the commodities on that particular day.

Daily newspapers, television, radio and internet give this information. Consumers take more

interest in daily market report than traders.

Weekly Market Report gives the condition of the commodities for the past six days. It contains closing rates

of the last week, the opening rates of that week, the highest and lowest rates and the closing rates of that

week. This report also determines the causes of variation in price and the expected price movement in the

coming week. Business communities show a keen interest in such reports.

Monthly Market Report is an analysis of business done during the whole month. These reports are

prepared for comparatively stable market and a permanent demand. This report describes the closing rate of

the commodities in the previous month, the opening rate of the month, highest and lowest and closing rate

of the month. Newspapers, trade journals and monthly bulletins publish these reports.

Value of Reading a Market Report

The Market Report makes us aware of the volume and nature of business in the market. Traders

become aware of different conditions of the market. They can know something about the demand and

supply of a commodity.

Market Reports help people guess the future movements of price. The market condition is exposed

to everybody as a result of which prices become stable. These prices can be compared at different markets.

Qualities Of A Good Market Report

A person writing a Market Report should have a comprehensive knowledge of the matter that has

to be reported. He must always keep in mind the following points.

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Normally a Market Report is not personal. It should be written using third person and the past

tense.

General readers should be able to understand the technical terms used in the report.

Words should be used economically. Unnecessary details must be avoided. It should not be so

short that misses the essential information.

There should be a good analysis of changes of prices and demand and supply relationship.

Market Report should be based upon the facts. Events should be written in the minute details. Any

writer of Market Report should be unbiased while concluding his report.

How to read a Market Report

To comprehend a Market Report fully, it is necessary to read it carefully. Sometimes even an

educated person faces difficulties to understand it. More practice is required to understand a market report.

One should specially note the nature of report (daily, weekly, monthly or annual) the nature of commodity,

volume of business and the trend of the market.

How to explain a Market Report

Sometimes a market report is reproduced and sometimes it is explained. While reproducing a

Market Report technical terms should concentrate on the given matter. Do not try to add or omit

something.

While explaining a Market Report try to extract the hidden meaning. First of all explain all the

technical terms separately, then mention the price clearly.

After following the above instructions explain the subject matter (of the report) clearly.

Model Market Reports

A Report On Karachi Cotton Market

Cotton Easy Amid Thin Trading

Karachi:

The cotton market failed to maintain a firm posture on Monday as spinners showed

reluctance to chase the rising prices. However, needy spinners continued to pick up quality lots at Rs 2000

level. The official spot rate was marked up by Rs 20 at Rs 2000.

Cotton prices moved up to Rs 2050 level on Saturday owing to spinners' fear that lint supply would

be interrupted during elections and ginners/ growers' strong resistance to decline in lint prices. There

seemed to be an unwritten agreement between ginners and growers to make joint efforts to stave off the

threat of price decline. Hence despite the spinners' reluctance to pay higher asking prices, the ginners

maintained a firm posture. As a result the needy spinners picked up stray lots of quality lint at Rs 2000.

Some low quality stuff, however, changed hands at Rs 1925.

Most of the spinners remained glued to the side lines as they did not considers it feasible to lift at the

prevailing prices in view of uncertain outlook of the international yarn market. The current prices are

understood to be well above world parity. It remains to be seen whether ginners are able to hold the price

line when odds are in favour of buyers.

A Report on Lahore Jute Market

On the 30th September, 2002 Lahore Jute Market started steadily but closed on a subdued note.

Transaction was found very slow. Volume of business was limited. Trading interest showed decline. March

delivery which started at 90.50 against its previous close at 90 reached 91. The lowest touched was 89.

November delivery declined form 98 to 97.

There was an estimation of future business about 10,000 bales. Expected immediate turnover was

500 till 5 p.m.

Arrivals:

The arrival of Jute bales at the Lahore Jute market were 700 bales out of which 300 bales

were form Sarhad, 200 bales from Sind and 100 from Rahim Yar Khan.

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Spot rates were as follows.

Asli Punjabi

90.00

Morni

75..00

Cheeta ZB

91.00

SS Reet

80.00

Babil

89.00

Lajwab

79.00

Bahar 3

90.00

Tarzan

83.00

Stock Exchange Report

The KSE 100-share index managed to finish above the coveted level of 2,000 points after four

previous abortive bids, indicating that it could maintain its forward thrust in the coming weeks also, boosted

by some positive corporate developments.

Above the market dividend and bonus shares pouring in each day have altogether changed the

investor's future perceptions about the size of capital gains and price appreciation on selected counters and

no one is inclined to miss the rising market at this stage.

The interesting feature were the massively battered genuine investors who abhorred to re-enter

market but were claimed to have resumed their covering purchases on low-priced blue chips, lured

apparently by the bait of high dividends.

An accelerated pace of sell-off of the state-owned units and higher dividend annouoncements by most of

the leading companies continued to inspire strong short covering form all quarters, signaling the market is

heading to establish new records, both in terms of price flare-ups and trading volumes.

The bull mood to stay above the 2,000 point index level is well manifested in investors'

perception who were not weighed down by the Wednesday's terrorist killing in the city and behaved orderly.

A Report on An Export Marketing

Strategy for the Defence Industry

The global defence market has many players competing for contracts. The United States leads the

pack with a 55 per cent market share. Russia and the European industrial countries account for most of the

other 45 per cent. In recent years, however, a number of countries in the Asian-African region, whose

defence-manufacturing base is large, have begun to enter the market as emerging defence exporters, or

EDEs.

Pakistan, which has a growing and increasingly sophisticated defence industry, is one such EDE. Its

defence industry now has the technical expertise and production capability to grow into a $ 2 billion to $ 3

billion a year export industry over the next five years. This, however, will require a sustained and well

thought out marketing strategy and a continuing emphasis on product improvement.

During the last two decades defence spending has been on the rise in Asia. During 1980-90 defence

spending in Asia grew at over 40 per cent. During 1990-2000 it grew by 26 per cent, whereas, during the

same period, it dropped by 11 percent globally. It is still on the rise in Asia. In 2000, amongst the world's

top defence-spenders were: Japan (4th), China (8th), India (11th), and South Korea (13th).

In the 1990s Central Asia's defence spending grew by 21 per cent to $ 2.4 billion a year, Eastern

Asia's by 21 per cent to $ 96 billion a year, and South Asia's by 50 per cent to $ 15 billion a year, while

Oceania's defence spending remained nearly steady at $ 7.3 billion a year.

How do emerging defence exporters like Pakistan penetrate into the export market and increase

their market share?

Suggestion

To penetrate into traditional markets, Pakistan should focus on non-traditional products. There is a

fairly large range of these, including services, combat equipment, etc. There is a $10 billion to $15 billion a

year market for sporting arms, ammunition, equipment, boots, tents, global positioning systems sets,

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binoculars, rifles, etc. these are closely aligned with military products, but with lower specifications.

Expanding into this sector would energise private-sector defence industries and draw them into the

mainstream of defence exports.

World Commodity Reports

World Oil Report

Oil prices were threatened on the first anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attack and the

prospect of a US military invasion on Iraq. Consequently the prices rose. In London, the price of Brent oil

rose above $29 a barrel briefly on September 10, for the first time in almost a year. But prices fell towards

the week-end. In New York, October dated light sweet crude futures traded at $29.20 from $29.72 a week

earlier.

The US energy department meanwhile reported that the crude oil stocks fell 5.3 million barrels, or

1.8 per cent, to 293.2 million in the week ended September 6 from the previous week. Gasoline stocks

declined 300, 000 barrels to 205.6 million, while the distillate fuel inventories increased by 4 million barrels

to 133.6 million.

At a recent meeting, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries agreed to maintain severe

restraints on oil production for the fourth quarter to keep crude prices from rising.

Opec left supply limits on hold despite worries among consumer nations about the impact of high

energy costs on the world economy. After a meeting in Japan on September 19, Opec said that it would

maintain oil production for rest of 2002 at 21.7 million barrels per day, aimed at maintaining a price bank of

$22 to $28 a barrel.

Opec cutbacks, in place since January, have combined with the threat of a US war against Iraq to

push the benchmark US crude close to $30 a barrel a setback for the industrialized powers trying to

sustain a shaky economic recovery.

In early December producers will meet to review policy for the first quarter of next year, by which time any

US plans for military action may be clearer.

An existing Opec formula, adding more oil if prices stay above $28 for the basket, equivalent to

about $30.50 for the US crude, for 20 consecutive trading days, could provide the trigger for more oil, said

the UAE oil minister.

Within the fuel demand rising ahead of the northern hemisphere winter, and the United States

pressing the case against Iraq, fuel bills may quickly come under furthered pressure.

World Gold Report

Dominated by the concerns of terrorist attacks on the first anniversary of September 11 and the prospect of a war on

Iraq, gold prices had a volatile week ended September 14.

By September 13, gold was fixed at $318.85 an ounce on the London Bullion market against $319.25 the previous

week.

World Coffee Report

Coffee prices extended recent gains, pushing up to new one year high points on technical factors and speculation of a

possible reduction in forecasts of the size of the 2002-03 crop.

On LIFFE, the Robusta quality for November delivery climbed to $533 the previous week. On New York's

CSCE market, the Arabica for December delivery rose to 56.70 cents the previous week.

World Cocoa Report

Cocoa prices have more than doubled in the past two years. More recently they were bolstered by the prospect that this

year's crop will be insufficient to meet demand for the third year running. Prices continue to be supported largely by commercial

buying.

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Market Terms

ARBITRAGE

Different prices may exist in different markets for the same commodity at the same time. A

business operator takes advantage of difference of prices and buys from the market where price is low and

sells in a market where price is high. By this difference of prices he earns profit.

His profit mainly depends on two major factors.

Updated knowledge of prices prevailing in the market.

Quick transport from the place of buying to the place of selling.

Arbitrage is quite common in stock Exchange market where dealers deal in securities and earn

profit by the existing difference of prices.

ARRIVAL

Fresh stock that is brought to the market in a given period of time is called arrival. This does not

include the old stock or stock on balance in hand.

Arrivals show increase in the commodities and help determine business trend in the market as well

as the price in future. Therefore, large arrivals indicate rise in prices. Since it is an important feature of

market, it is generally quoted in market reports.

BEAR

A stock exchange term derived from traditional bear hunting, where the trapper would make sure

of his market for the SKINS before setting out to shoot the bears.

A bear is a speculator who sells at present the commodity/securities hoping that prices will fall in

future and he may earn profit by the difference of prices.

He sells commodities/securities that he has yet to buy. He sells at present when the price is high

and buys in future when the price falls. This difference of prices makes his profit.

When his speculations are proved wrong, he suffers loss because he has already sold securities and

buys in future at higher rates.

BULL

The term is related to bull activity. His lifting the prey is related to rise in prices that a bull

speculates. Bull is a dealer on stock exchange, buys securities at present on existing prices. He speculates rise

in prices in future. He retains securities till the time when there is rise in prices. He sells in future at higher

rates and earns profit by the difference of prices.

When his speculations are proved wrong, unlike bear he has a chance of manipulating prices in his

favour and launches Bull Campaign. So that he may not suffer loss.

Note: Both Bull and Bear help setting buying or selling trend in the market.

BEARISH

When there is a general expectation of fall of prices in future, Every Bear invests money in making

selling contracts. They set a selling trend in the market and due to competition among bears the price level

falls and the market becomes BEARISH

The bearish market reduces the profit margin and business operators face difficulty in making high

profits.

BULLISH

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When there is a general expectation of rise in prices in future, every bull invests money in buying

securities/commodities. This way, they set a buying trend in the market and face competition with other

bulls. This causes general rise in prices in the market, and the market is called Bullish.

The bullish market increases the profit margins and sellers earn huge profits.

The most notorious of all bull markets was the SOUTH SEA BUBBLE, which burst in 1720 and

set the growth of a credit economy in the U.K.

BEAR COVERING

When bear's speculations are proved wrong and the expected prices do not fall at the time of

buying, the bear is compelled to buy goods to fulfil his promises and obligations. The purchase made by the

bear under such conditions is called as Bear Covering.

This happens due to rise in demand and subsequently the price level goes up.

BULL CAMPAIGN

When bulls' speculations are proved wrong and the expected prices do not rise rather they fall, a

number of bulls organize themselves to manipulate prices in their favour. They create demand by spreading

RUMOURS in the market in order to establish buying trend. The campaign launched by the bulls is called

BULL CAMPAIGN.

RIGGING

When bulls' expectations are proved wrong and the expected prices do not rise rather they fall, he

tries to manipulate prices in their favour by bogus transactions. This activity is called as RIGGING.

He does so with the help of his workers, principals and agents.

10. SQUARE DEAL

The sale by the bulls and the purchase by the bears to settle their respective accounts is called as

SQUARE DEAL.

This is generally done to finalise the transactions and close the necessary accounts.

11. HEDGING

A trader buying forward or selling forward in the commodity exchanges may hedge to protect

himself from losses arising from variations in pricing. He may also pass on some of his forward sales to the

shoulders of others. He does so to save his skin and the activity is known as HEDGING.

12. STAG

Stag is a person who buys heavily on a new issue of stocks or shares and expects that price will rise

very quickly; and he will earn profit.

He normally holds shares only for a short time.

13. DEMURRAGE

The daily charge made for detention of a ship beyond the agreed number of LAY DAYS, is called

Demurrage.

The term is also used for the daily charge made for detention of railway rolling stock.

14. DUMPING

In the modern age of industrialization and economic development, every country is anxious to

capture foreign market for her own product.

This may be done, when the first country wishes to sell at a low profit or even at a loss, so that it

may get hold of the market of the second country. The first country may set monopolistic control and start

earning profit. This activity is known as DUMPING.

15. EX-FACTORY

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Ex-factory sale is done outside the factory and the delivery of goods takes place at seller's

warehouse or

godown.

The price is generally determined by the following formula. COST + Direct Expenses + Owner's

Profit + Dealer's Commission = Whole sale Price.

16. EX-SHIP

If the delivery is taken by the buyer at the dock after paying all cost for their conveyance home, the

sale is called Ex-SHIP.

Cost + Owner's Profit + Freight + Insurance + Taxes = PRICE

The seller's responsibility ceases as soon as the goods leave the dock. If barges (boats) are necessary

the buyer must provide them.

17. LAME DUCK OF THE MARKET

`Lame duck' is applied to companies which need to be saved from complete ruin and this is done

with the help of public funds.

`Lame Ducks' are often hidden under the cloak of nationalized industries, to which normal

standard of efficiency cannot be applied.

18. GLUT

An excessive supply of any commodity is known as Glut.

Excess of goods in the market makes the process of selling difficult and reduces the profit margin.

If the situation persists for a longer period, the market becomes stagnant.

19. PEGGLING

When the rate is artificially maintained at certain level mainly by manipulation of prices. It is called

peggling operation.

Peggling is generally done by the bulls to maintain price level and save themselves from loss.

20. CLOGGING

It is a situation when the market is saturated with surplus funds which obstruct the normal

operation of business.

This situation results in increased circulation of money within the country, and causes inflation.

21. STRADING

When the market operators take advantage of abnormal differences in the rates of different bills in

the same market and carry on ARBITRAGE operation by selling one kind of bills to buy another kind of

bills, the operation is called STRADING.

22. BLUE CHIPS

Ordinary shares which are of the highest standing considered to be so safe that there is no risk of

losing either capital or income, are called Blue Chips.

They are usually the shares of particularly well-known and sound companies.

23. STREET PRICE

When the stock exchange is closed, the selling of securities is done outside the exchange at a

privately quoted price. This is known as street price.

The seller's main objective is to dispose of his goods whose quality is not guaranteed. Some times

he needs a license for his business.

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24. MARKET PRICE

The market price is the price which is actually paid in the current market dealings. It also indicates

the price of every unit of commodity.

(i.e., per unit price).

The price of a commodity is determined by two factors i.e., 1, demand 2, supply.

Therefore, when the price increases, supply also increases. Whereas price has inverse relationship

with demand.

Market Price Supply

Market Price .

25. MARKET VALUE

Market value is the price of a commodity which a dealer expects to get in the market.

Market value is based on two factors:

1. Depreciation 2. Appreciation.

DEPRECIATION:

It indicates fall in existing value.

APPRECIATION:

It indicates rise in existing value.

26. OFF TAKE

It indicates the total quantity of goods purchased on an Exchange during a particular period.

Off take indicates the Bartar Transactions. i.e.,

It includes both ready and future deliveries.

27. TURNOVER

Means the total amount of transactions done in a day in a particular period is called TURNOVER.

The term includes both the sales in terms of amount or quantity of goods.

Turnover = Total goods sold.

Turnover = Total amount in price.

28. HAGGLING

It is a practice of wrangling over price in which offers and counter - offers are made at the times of

some business bargaining.

Haggling is an important characteristic of the retail market.

Cost of goods + Transportation + Profit = Retail Price.

(After Haggling)

29. SET BACK

If the market suddenly experiences the effect of low pricing due to sudden fall in volume of

transactions, it is termed as SET BACK.

It generally happens after boom in a market and causes economic hardships.

This causes upset in the business and sellers enter in to a difficult phase. Here seller tries to dispose

of goods at low prices.

30. FLAT

It indicates the very low prices of commodities in a market. It is known as boom in reverse. This

shows slump in the market, when sellers are forced to stop selling goods, and the market is closed flat.

31. BOOM

It is a period of heavy business and rising prices.

It is the point in trade cycle where an explosive out pouring of economic activity happens and

upward movement is complete.

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Here, prices wages, production employment, and investment are at their peak.

Though the whole economic structure resumes activity, yet it tends to break suddenly, when the

government action is not sufficiently strong.

Proposal

Certain analytical reports are called proposals which include bids to perform work under a contract and plea

for financial support from outsiders. Such bids and pleas are almost always format. It matters a little

weather your proposal is a memo or a full document. What does matter is the structure you apply to writing

good proposals.

i. Professors submit proposal to companies stating that they can help solve problems within a

company

ii. Advertising agencies bid on being the agency of record in publicizing a product or idea for a

client.

iii. Companies submit proposal to foreign government to do project.

Purposes of Proposals

Numerous groups solicit proposals Governments are the foremost requesters. These requests

appear in newspapers trade publications. Request for Proposal (RFP) is directed towards a company with

specific expertise. Proposal topic are varied such as:

· To sell property , machines, etc.

· To construct building bridges, highways

· To survey water area for possible oil fields.

Smaller Projects are also made town to individual and corporation

Improving engineering and just-in-time (JIT) performance within a company

Preparing managerial staff for work within or outside the country

Planning and basic research before developing any new project

Thus the proposal is similar to that of a recommendation justification report. Both aim to solve

problem, alter a procedure, find answer to question, offer advice and training.

Kinds of Proposal

· Research Proposal

· Business Proposal

i) Research Proposal

A research proposal is usually academic in nature professors as school for which the work, desire to

obtain grant in response to a request or an announcement from the government or other agency. Academic

institutions submit most research reports.

ii) Business Proposal

In length, proposal may be similar to other report, short or long and normal. Like reports proposal

may be solicited or unsolicited while writing a solicited business proposal remember you most likely to have

many competitors also bidding for that contract.

Writing an unsolicited proposal, you need to convince the reader or review committee that you

understand the organization's problem and that your firm or you are qualified to solve it successfully.

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i) Prefatory Part

Title fly

Title page

Request for proposal

Letter of transmitted

Table of content

List of illustration

Synopsis or Executive summary

(Draft Contract)

ii) Text parts

Introduction

Body

Summary

iii) Supplementary parts

Appendixes

The cover, title fly, title page, table of contents and list of illustration are handled to the same way as in

other formal report.

Parts of Proposal

Copy of REP.

Instead of a letter of authorization a formal proposal may have a copy of the request for proposal a

letter or memo soliciting a proposal or a bid for a particular project.

Draft Contract

In long proposals a draft contract may be inserted after an executive summary. A draft contract

allows receiver to offer a counter offer and also gives an immediate overview, including financial

information.

Table of Content

Brief proposal usually don't request a table of contents. Long proposal do require on as well as

other prefatory parts.

ii) Text parts

Introduction

This section present and summarizes the problem you intend to solve and your solution to that

problem, including any benefits the reader will receive from your solution. Write introduction as if you were

approaching a non-specialist your first reader may be other then the person who sent you a request for

proposal. Some staff members often give the proposal an initial reading often the purpose is stated in

infinitive form, as for example

To contract 1 meter carpeted road from machine shop

To be printer of the institutes annual magazine

Scope

Define the boundaries of your project what boundaries are you setting to accomplish your projects.

(Study an area of community).

Project Team

Some proposal even short include a list of individuals who well work on the project, including

project director.

Background

In long proposal you may include

Previous work

Possibly literature review on the project

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Procedures

Here you briefly explain how you will meat the requirement of your reader.

Equipment and Facilities

Tell the reader that you have thought well to realize what facilities will be needed stat what

equipments and facilities you already have closing. This section emphasizes the benefits the readers will

realize from you solution, and it urges reader to act.

iii) Supplementary Parts

Appendix

It contains materials related to the report but not include in the text because they've too lengthy or

bulky.

SUBJECT:

Activity Plan, 2006

Our primary objective for 2006 is to introduce computers to the three branches, Sialkot,

Gujranwala and Jung. Trips are planned to all these locations within the next month so we may see what

each has accomplished toward this objective. In addition, I have planned to meet with Hassan Ahmed, who

has written three computer books and he will, I'm sure, have valuable ideas for us.

Specifically, I've outlined six objectives in order of priority:

Introduce computers to three of our branches

Complete the programming here in our corporate office

Reduce property taxes by Rs. 160, 000

Employ a national management-consulting firm by September

Establish controls on report reproduction and reduce costs by Rs. 5,000

Improve the format and detail of financial analysis provided to corporate each month

I look forward to the upcoming year and progress toward these goals.

SUBJECT:

Supervisory Skills Training Program Proposal

Employee Development has been conducting an in-house supervisory course that focuses primarily

on theory and information about management concepts and company policies. We would like to

propose additional training for first- and second-line supervisors, focusing on skills onlyspecific

behavioral guidance in supervising and motivating employees to increase productivity.

The program would be administered with the help of ABC Consulting, Agency. The total cost of

Rs 52,000 will cover customized behavior models, CD-ROM introductory and practice sessions, six

line managers and/or staff certified by ABC as qualified trainers, two classes (20 participants each)

of trained supervisors, and trainer manual and participant workbook for reproduction.

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Table of Contents: