ZeePedia

CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY:Personality Disorders, Common Crimes

<< TREATMENTS FOR THE SOUL:Tawba, Sabr o Shukr, Niyyat o Ikhlaas, Taffakkur
CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Mnemonic, Similarities >>
img
Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Lesson 22
CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY
Objectives:
To understand the developmental factors of criminogenic personality
To know about the different crime prone personality disorders
To understand the main characteristics of Anti Social Personality Disorder
To understand the common types of crimes, usually committed by individuals
with Anti Social Personality Disorder
To get an insight about the DSPD debate
Criminogenic Development
How does a criminogenic personality develop? What factors contribute to such personalities?
Psychologist have found several factors that contribute to the development of Crimnogenic
personalities.
1. Personality traits can predispose to criminality.
2. Biological basis are another reason for the development of such personalities
3. Personality traits and biological basis combined with early attachment like maternal
deprivation and lack of an appropriate "attachment" are another factor.
4. Socialization patterns like friends, environment of school, teachers also play an important role.
5. Early trauma
6. Early separation from any of parents or both parents, growing up without parental figures of
both sexes.
a. Removal from the home
b. Child hood physical beatings and sexual abuse
7. Inconsistent parenting is another factor like one overindulgent the other too strict. Mother is
polite and father is wild and abusive or vise versa. Or one day severe punishment for one thing
and other day same act is appreciated by parents. Such children usually learn to manipulate the
situations and take advantages of their own parent's weaknesses.
a. Overindulgence parenting,
b. Absence of parental discipline
c. No limit setting and no punishment and reward system is defined and used by
parents.
d. Erratic, inconsistent discipline
e. Both parents are inconsistent
Sometimes strict for no reason, at others indulgent for no reason
Personality Disorders
People who cannot contain their urges to harm (or kill) people repeatedly for no apparent reason are
assumed to suffer from some mental illness. However, they may be more cruel than crazy, they may
be choosing not to control their urges, they know right from wrong, they know exactly what they're
doing, and they are definitely NOT insane, at least according to the consensus of most scholars
(Samenow 2004). In such cases, they usually fall into one of three types that are typically
considered aggravating circumstances in addition to their legal guilt:
80
img
Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
1.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
2.
Borderline Personality Disorder ( are victim not abusers)
3.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
4.
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD)
APD is practically synonymous with criminal behavior, but as with all distributions of a disease or
whatever in a population, it is probable that the majority of people with this particular affliction are
law-abiding. Aging, over involvements, and/or relationships might hold sway over the control or
lack of control in these kinds of people.
Individuals with an Antisocial Personality Disorder show a lack of concern toward the expectations
and rules of society and usually frequently become involved in at least minor violations of the rules
of society and the rights of others. A popular term for this type of individual is "psychopath".
Although the diagnosis is limited to those persons over eighteen years of age, it usually involves a
history of antisocial behavior before the age of fifteen. The individual often displays a pattern of
lying, truancy, delinquency, substance abuse, running away from home and may have difficulty
with the law. As an adult, the person often commits acts that are against the law and/or fails to live
up to the requirements of a job, financial responsibility, or parenting responsibilities. They tend to
have difficulty sustaining a long term marital relationship and frequently are involved in alcohol and
drug abuse. Basic characteristics of Anti social personality includes:
Main characteristics of Anti social personality disorder
1. Typically Male
This problem is much more prevalent in males than females. Old name of this disorder was
Psychopathy or Criminal Psychopath
2.
Absolute disregard for the rights of others
Manipulative and deceitful and conning
3.
4.
Blameful of others
5.
Pathological Liars
6.
Impulse control problem
7.
Irresponsible
8.
Sexually promiscuous
9.
Poly drug use
10.
Thrill seeking
11.
Hostage taking
12.
No victim empathy (Apathetic to others)
13.
absolutely no remorse, regret and guilt feelings for any crime and sin
Anti social personality disorder usually commit multiple types of crimes like:
a.
Theft
b.
Robbery
c.
Assault
d.
Rape
e.
Escape from prison
f.
Illegal substance use/ selling
g.
Sexual crimes/ deviances
h.
Exploitation of vulnerable people
81
img
Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Common Crimes
Anti social personality usually commit following crimes:
1.
Mobile snatching for buying drugs
2.
Attacking unsuspecting victims
3.
Opportunistic crimes, they do not plan for small things like purse or mobile snatching etc
4.
Planning big things like bank robbery
5.
Unrealistic goals and this unrealistic approach helps in their arrest.
6.
They have been mostly found in blackmailing girlfriends into prostitution etc.
Detailed Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder
The incidence of APD is twice as high for inner-city residents than in small towns or rural areas. It
affects people in all social classes, but if someone with APD is born into a family of wealth and
privilege, they will usually manage to seek out a successful business or political career.
Poorer people with APD tend to wind up in state prison systems. The fact is that most of the current
prison population, shares the APD diagnosis. All it takes is a juvenile record, an adult offense career,
aggressivity, impulsivity, a checkered work history, and/or lack of demonstrable repentance. These can
be easily found in almost any prison inmate's folder.
As discussed earlier one of the things closely related to APD is the comorbidity of alcoholism and
narcotic addiction. Some of the criteria for a substance abuse disorder are very similar: theft,
hazardous behavior, failure to fulfill role functions in home, school, and work. A strong correlation
exists between substance abuse and factor 2 (antisocial behaviors) of the psychopathy construct. APDs
with a drug addiction have some serious substance abuse problems -- the kind that lead to death by
overdose or accident within five years. Are APD and narcotic addiction part of the same disorder, does
one lead to the other, or are they are spuriously linked together? From what little research there is, it
appears that most of the time, APD precedes narcotic addiction, although some of the time, addiction
leads to APD behaviors.
The DSPD Debate
Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder, This is a highly controversial issue, whether the individual
with anti social personality disorder should be treated by force or not? Because they are dangerous for
society, are very likely to abandon the legal system.
They tend to be very manipulative during treatment and tend to lie and cover up personal faults in
themselves and have little insight into their behavior patterns. Many psychiatrists are of the opinion that
this disorder is not treatable to a reasonable level of success, especially where the sufferer is not
motivated and no effective change will occur. They further accept that the diagnosis of anti-social
personality disorder is in fact a limiting one. Although it is possible to offer help and support in such
cases, it is not possible to effectively impose treatment on an involuntary basis.
Further to this, any form of preventative detention requires a prediction of dangerousness, generally by a
psychiatrist following a risk assessment. Psychiatry is generally unable to predict dangerousness with
any great precision.
This is not a concrete, solid and clear issue with an absolute solution, what do you think about it? If a
person is diagnosed with Anti Social Personality Disorder although he has only committed theft and has
passed his six month sentence. Should that person be treated by force? Or should that person be treated
only by choice? Does he have the right to live free life if he does not commit any other crime?
82
Table of Contents:
  1. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Future of Forensic Psychology
  2. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOOGY:Way of police investigation
  3. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY AND POLICE:Violent Criminals
  4. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Use of excessive force, Corruption, Personnel Selection
  5. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Fitness-for-Duty Evaluation (FFDE), False Confessions
  6. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:For instance, Empirical and logical approach
  7. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:Crime Scene Investigation, Staging
  8. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE:Law of Conservation of Energy, Super ego
  9. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Fixation at Oral Stage
  10. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Defense Mechanism, Rationalization
  11. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Freudian Methods, JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
  12. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Religion and mental illnesses
  13. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Shadow’s violence, Child’s violence
  14. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Operant Conditioning
  15. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Schedules of Punishment
  16. SOCIAL LEARNING MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Observational learning, Vicarious punishment
  17. MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND VIOLENCE:Symbolic functioning, Formal operational stage
  18. BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL:Mental hospitals are factories of abuse
  19. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ABOUT VIOLENCE:Morality is essential
  20. ISLAMIC MODEL:Nafs al-Ammara, Nafs al-Lawwama, Nafs ul Naatiqa
  21. TREATMENTS FOR THE SOUL:Tawba, Sabr o Shukr, Niyyat o Ikhlaas, Taffakkur
  22. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY:Personality Disorders, Common Crimes
  23. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Mnemonic, Similarities
  24. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Terrorism and Psychopaths
  25. LEARNING DISABILITIES/MENTAL RETARDATION AND VIOLENCE
  26. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Reasons for referral, Personality Inventories
  27. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Different cutoff scores
  28. RISK ASSESSMENT:Violence reduction scale, Stability of Family upbringing
  29. TREATMENT OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR / PERSONALITY PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
  30. JUNGINA THERAPEUTIC MODEL:Limits of re-parenting, Personality Typologies
  31. GROUP THERAPY FOR OFFENDERS:Learning in Groups, Humanistic Groups
  32. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Narrative Therapy
  33. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Solution Focused Therapy
  34. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Avoiding reactance, Externalization
  35. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN FORENSIC SETTINGS AND SPECIAL CHALLENGES
  36. FORENSIC PSYCHOTHERAPY:Exploring therapeutic alliance, Music Therapy
  37. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Target Population, Lack of motivation
  38. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Criminal attitude, Interpersonal Aggression
  39. VICTIM SUPPORT:Main features of PTSD, Emotional Support
  40. VICTIM SUPPORT:Debriefing, Desensitization, Eidetic Therapy, Narrative Therapy
  41. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Marijuana, Unconventional drugs
  42. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Stages of Change, Homosexuality
  43. EXPERT WITNESS:Insanity Pleas, Sexual Offence Risk, Instructions
  44. COUNTER TERRORISM:Misconceptions, Psychologists & Propaganda war
  45. SUMMING UP FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Problems with Risk Assessment, Expert Witness