FINAL OVERVIEW:Ethical issues, Influencing skills, Counseling Approaches

<< DIAGNOSIS & ASSESSMENT:Assessment Techniques, Observation

Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632

Lesson 45

FINAL OVERVIEW

Major Parts of the Course

� Part I: Introduction to foundation and historical background of counseling

� Part II: Counseling process and methods

� Part III: Counseling Approaches

� Part IV: Specialties in the practice of Counseling

Part I: Introduction to Foundation and Historical Background

Introduction

Counseling is a distinct profession that has developed in a variety of ways in 20th century.

Counseling is defined as:

�

"An interaction in which the counselor offers another person the time, attention, and respect necessary to

explore, discover and clarify ways of living more resourcefully, and to his or her greater well-being" (The

BAC, 1999)

�

Distinction between help, guidance, and psychotherapy

�

Historical overview: 20th century- To date

Vocational Guidance Movement: Parsons

Mental Health Movement: Clifford Beers

Standardized testing: World Wars

Licensure and legislation

Ethical issues

�

Clients' rights

�

Keeping Relationships Professional

�

Professional responsibility

Effective counselor

� Personal characteristics

Empathy

Positive regard

Genuineness

Other: Motives, values, emotions, etc.

�

Daily world of counselor

�

The Multidimensional Health and Wellness Model

Part II: Counseling Process & Methods

� Microskills are observable actions of counselors & therapists that appear to effect positive change

in the session:

� Attending skills

� Listening skills

� Influencing skills

� Focus and selective attention

� Confrontation & challenging

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Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632

Attending skills

Nonverbal communication

�

Body language & movement, touch

�

Paralinguistics: pitch, tone, volume,

�

Physical space

�

Timing

Listening & Understanding Skills

� Possess an Attitude of Respect & Acceptance

� Tune into the Client's Internal Viewpoint

� Opening remarks

� Open questions

� Paraphrasing

� Reflection of feeling

� Summarization

Basic Listening Sequence (BLS)

Influencing skills

�

Interpretation/ reframing

�

Directive

�

Advice/information

�

Self-disclosure

�

Feedback

�

Logical consequences

�

Influencing summary

Focused and selective attention:

�

Initial focus

�

Focused responding

Challenging skills

�

Speak for themselves

�

Mixed messages

�

Challenging possible distortions of reality

�

Acknowledging choice

�

Reframing

How to challenge?

Counseling Process

� Structure

� Initiative (resistance and reluctance)

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Theory and Practice of Counseling - PSY632

�

Setting

�

Client Qualities

�

Counselor Qualities

Phases of Counseling Interviews

�

Initial session: resistance

�

Action and understanding phase: transference

�

Termination

Part III: Counseling Approaches

Psychoanalytic Approach

�

Classical Psychoanalytic approach

�

Neo-Freudians:

Adler

Jung

Karen Horney

Sullivan

Affective Approaches

�

Emphasize human phenomenology

�

Emphasize person-to-person relationship

�

Humanistic in orientation

�

Share a common problem: Vagueness

Cognitive Behavioral Approaches

�

Cognitive Approaches

o Stress inocculation

o Beck's cognitive therapy:

o RET

o Eric Berne's Transactional Analysis

�

Behavioral Approaches

Part IV: Specialties in the Practice of Counseling

� Groups

� Marriage & Family counseling

� Career counseling

� Career Counseling

� Community counseling & Consulting

Diagnosis and Assessment

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