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SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Stages of Change, Homosexuality

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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Lesson 42
SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM
Objectives
To understand the relationship of alcohol and crimes
To know about the basic psychological techniques used for substance misuse treatment
Alcohol
Alcohol is known as "Ummul- khabais" because of our religious teachings in our culture this drug is
banned and illegal along with other drugs and not only alcohol but all other drugs are also not
acceptable because of the clear instructions about this drug. Alcohol is a compelling central nervous
system depressant; with a range of effects Alcohol has a multiple devastating effect on the body,
nervous system and liver. Initially, alcohol generally produces feelings of relaxation and jollity, but
further consumption can lead to blurred vision and coordination problems. A huge number of crimes/
violence and road side accidents are largely due to alcohol consumption.
Poly drug use
Mixing drugs
Poly drug use is highly dangerous
Drinking followed by drug use
Drug use followed by drinking
One drug after another
Extremely dangerous
Can affect more than just the nervous system
Treatment
Usually substance misuse treatment is very intensive and requires lot of energy from both therapist and
struggling client who is trying to quit the lethal lifestyle. Here again the concept of stages of change is
employed as these stages are also highly linked with the degree of prognosis. As if a person is self
referred, indicates the motivation to quit drugs and also pointing that person is in preparation phase as
he has taken a step towards quitting the drugs.
Person is helped to move from one stage to next stage and usually people who approached the
maintenance stage do not relapse. But many people relapse while moving in action and preparation
stages.
Stages of Change
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Treatment
Educational programmes for young offenders need to adopt a broad educational approach to over the
wide range of substances used. At the same time, it should be acknowledged that much of their
recreational drug use is determined by social settings and drug-using peer groups, and may only be
successfully addressed by changes in lifestyle or environment. A concentration on drug use in isolation
is unlikely to be successful. Programmes focusing on positive alternatives to drug taking are welcomed.
Addicts are being provided the genuine information about the destructive effects of different drugs.
146
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Learned and educated people are asked to list down the benefits like momentary pleasure and feeling of
relaxation and other harmful effects. Then they are asked to analyze them all meticulously. Through
such activities insight is evoked.
Different kind of therapies and activities are used to help people in quitting the drug.
Group treatment vs individual
Relaxation training
Mindfulness
Examining costs and benefits
Enhancing motivation
Thinking about a drug free future
People narrate life stories
Participants are encouraged to support each other
Facilitator is also educator
Clarifying misconceptions
Group activities
Listening to others
Sharing experiences
Role plays and drama
Music
Insight and awareness about consequences
Impulse control
The New Me
SEX OFFENDER TREATMENT PROGRAM
(Additional material about an important and sensitive area on forensic psychology)
We as psychologists are concerned with the treatment of sexual deviances defined as any sexual
preference, interest, or obsession out of the ordinary and/or problematic. Deviant sex is often manifested
as part of various psychological problems. It is the responsibility of the therapist to treat the sexually
deviated/problematic people but can help only if they are motivated for the treatment. And if they do not
want a therapist can not help them.
Homosexuality
We have a deeply segregated society, boy's schools, girl's schools, boy's or girl's "mudrasas". As a
result child form sexual relationships with same sex in these institutions and it is more likely to happen
than we believe. Some people treat this as a stage and when they cross this stage, lead a normal life. But
some times it can take another direction and it becomes their preference and some of them are unable to
develop attraction for opposite gender and cause a lot of problem in family many of them go along with
this and do get married and have children but maintain a series of affairs with other men on side. All this
rex their marriages and increase the danger of HIV.
Types
One who have been indulged in homosexuality but have preference for opposite gender
One who could not develop preference heterosexual relationships
In such cases certain roles are adopted and one play dominant role and other play submissive role.
Researches show that man having submissive roles experience more difficulties in adjustment to normal
life.
Pedophiles
Persons having sexual interests toward children.
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Forensic Psychology (PSY - 513)
VU
Treatment for Pedophiles and homosexuals
Such treatment programs encompasses following important things:
Training people in non deviant sexual arousal by the use of pornographic material
Client is supposed to maintain a diary stating true sexual fantasies.
-Temptation in environment is removed.
Relapse Prevention Program
-Consists of 4 principals
Have to be aware of consequences.
Surf the urge
In their shoes
New me
Penile plysmathography
The patient is seated in a chair
His penis connected to a monitor via ring around the shaft
He is shown deviant and non-deviant sexual stimuli
His erection is measured in response to these stimuli
Problems with PPG
Awkward
Inhumane
Most clients get no erection
Some normal clients can get erection to non-deviant stimuli due to novelty
Unreliable
May even be invalid
Types of sex offenders
Sexual misbehavior that is illegal but the parties are consenting or no victim is involved:
prostitution, pimping, consenting sex in public spaces, pornography
Sexual acts with children, non-consenting adults
Non-contact sex: exhibitionism & voyeurism
Sex with animals & dead bodies
Sex offender Treatment Program
Victim Empathy is evoked in offenders
Consequences of action are being realized
Treating deviance and pornographic material is used to treat the deviance behavior
Problems with SOTP
Naďve
Mostly therapists are women
Clients are men
Recall leads to arousal
Clients use recall to excite themselves
Treatment Methodology
· Teaching rights
· Religious teachings
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Table of Contents:
  1. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Future of Forensic Psychology
  2. INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC PSYCHOOGY:Way of police investigation
  3. FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY AND POLICE:Violent Criminals
  4. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Use of excessive force, Corruption, Personnel Selection
  5. POLICE PSYCHOLOGY:Fitness-for-Duty Evaluation (FFDE), False Confessions
  6. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:For instance, Empirical and logical approach
  7. INVESTIGATIVE PSYCHOLOGY:Crime Scene Investigation, Staging
  8. PSYCHOLOGY OF VIOLENCE:Law of Conservation of Energy, Super ego
  9. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Fixation at Oral Stage
  10. PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Defense Mechanism, Rationalization
  11. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Freudian Methods, JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY
  12. JUNGIAN PSYCHOLOGY AND VIOLENCE:Religion and mental illnesses
  13. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Shadow’s violence, Child’s violence
  14. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Operant Conditioning
  15. BEHAVIORIST PERSPECTIVE AND VIOLENCE:Schedules of Punishment
  16. SOCIAL LEARNING MODEL AND VIOLENCE:Observational learning, Vicarious punishment
  17. MORAL DEVELOPMENT AND VIOLENCE:Symbolic functioning, Formal operational stage
  18. BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL:Mental hospitals are factories of abuse
  19. ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE ABOUT VIOLENCE:Morality is essential
  20. ISLAMIC MODEL:Nafs al-Ammara, Nafs al-Lawwama, Nafs ul Naatiqa
  21. TREATMENTS FOR THE SOUL:Tawba, Sabr o Shukr, Niyyat o Ikhlaas, Taffakkur
  22. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY:Personality Disorders, Common Crimes
  23. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Mnemonic, Similarities
  24. CRIMINOGENIC PERSONALITY AND VIOLENCE:Terrorism and Psychopaths
  25. LEARNING DISABILITIES/MENTAL RETARDATION AND VIOLENCE
  26. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Reasons for referral, Personality Inventories
  27. ASSESSMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDERS:Different cutoff scores
  28. RISK ASSESSMENT:Violence reduction scale, Stability of Family upbringing
  29. TREATMENT OF VIOLENT BEHAVIOR / PERSONALITY PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY
  30. JUNGINA THERAPEUTIC MODEL:Limits of re-parenting, Personality Typologies
  31. GROUP THERAPY FOR OFFENDERS:Learning in Groups, Humanistic Groups
  32. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Narrative Therapy
  33. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Solution Focused Therapy
  34. PSYCHOTHERAPIES IN FORENSIC SETTINGS:Avoiding reactance, Externalization
  35. PSYCHOTHERAPY IN FORENSIC SETTINGS AND SPECIAL CHALLENGES
  36. FORENSIC PSYCHOTHERAPY:Exploring therapeutic alliance, Music Therapy
  37. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Target Population, Lack of motivation
  38. VIOLENCE REDUCTION PROGRAM:Criminal attitude, Interpersonal Aggression
  39. VICTIM SUPPORT:Main features of PTSD, Emotional Support
  40. VICTIM SUPPORT:Debriefing, Desensitization, Eidetic Therapy, Narrative Therapy
  41. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Marijuana, Unconventional drugs
  42. SUBSTANCE MISUSE TREATMENT PROGRAM:Stages of Change, Homosexuality
  43. EXPERT WITNESS:Insanity Pleas, Sexual Offence Risk, Instructions
  44. COUNTER TERRORISM:Misconceptions, Psychologists & Propaganda war
  45. SUMMING UP FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY:Problems with Risk Assessment, Expert Witness