HISTORY OF RADIO:B.B.C. – 1922, Radio in Sub-Continent, PBC SERVICES

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LESSON 02

HISTORY OF RADIO

The story of radio goes on. Immediate after the first regular transmission of radio at Pittsburgh,

Pennsylvania America, radio stations were started being set up in different countries.

B.B.C. 1922

In 1922, British Broadcasting Company was set up in England. Later on it was converted into British

Broadcasting Corporation in 1927. It goes without saying that B.B.C. is one of the biggest broadcasting

networks in the world putting its transmission in almost every language in the world.

World War II 1939- 45 and the Role of Radio

Important facts:

Location:

Europe, Pacific, South East Asia, Middle East, Mediterranean, Africa.

Allied forces: Soviet Union, USA, UK, France, India, China, Canada.

Axis Powers: Germany, Japan, Italy, Hungry, Finland.

Causalities:

62 million people died

(2.5 % of the world population)

60% of casualties were civilians

Allied remained victorious

All news and information went only on Radio. Leaders used radio effectively to boost up the morale of their

people and soldiers.

Churchill went on air

"We shall go on the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence

and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall

fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender."

Role of Radio after 2nd World War

The destruction and devastation of the war was so horrible and painful that the minds of the time were

forced to think how to save people from the monster of wars in future. In creating awareness and hatred

against the effects and after effects of the war, radio played a very vital role. Discussions against war,

speeches of peace lovers and talks highlighting the aftereffects of wars were started being broadcast which

led the world to have a set-up like UNITED NATIONS to save the world from war.

Radio in Sub-Continent

March 1926

The Indian Broadcasting Company. A private company was formed.

23rd July,1927

IBC started a station at Bombay. The beginning of broadcasting in sub-continent.

1928

A small transmitting station was set up at Lahore.

April 1930

Broadcasting under the direct control of Govt. under the title of Indian State Broadcasting

Service

Jan 1934

The Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act 1933 came into force.

Jan 1935

Peshawar Radio Station was set up by NWFP Government 250 watts transmitter.

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Jan 1936

Delhi Radio Station was Opened.

A.S. Bukhari Station Director.

June 1936

Indian State Broadcasting Service was changed into All India Radio.

Dec 1937

The Lahore Radio Station went on air

1939

Dhaka Radio station was opened

12th Nov 1939

Quaid-e-Azam's first radio broadcast from Bombay on Eid-Day

July 1942

Peshawar Radio Station formally inaugurated

3rd June 1947

Quaid-e-Azam makes historic address on All India Radio and announces the creation of newly

independent state of Pakistan for the Muslims of the Sub-Continent

14 August 1947: Emergence of Pakistan

The 1st news bulletin went on air from Radio Pakistan on--AUG.14, 1947.

"Pakistan, the largest Muslim state and the fifth one in the world came into being with the click of clock at

midnight last night. The dream became a reality in the unbelievable short span of six years in the face of the

stiffest opposition.

Faith in God, with unity and discipline among their ranks and convinced of the great role destined for them

in the comity of nations, the dynamic people of Pakistan shall now march on to achieve their cherished

goal."

Early Challenges and Role of Radio

Rehabilitation of Muhajerin

Muslims from India migrated to Pakistan. Besides their rehabilitation, their consolation was also a big

challenge to be taken up. Radio programmes were specially designed to revitalize the courage and strengths

of muhajerin.

India's onslaught on Kashmir-1948 and Radio

Immediate after the independence, India let its forces into Kashmir that was geographically, religiously and

culturally closer to Pakistan than India. Rawalpindi radio station-3 broadcast programmes to assure

kashmiris that at that hour of trial they were not alone.

11thSep. 1948 Quaid-e-Azam passed away

Shakeel Ehmad read the news with graphic and moving description.

Sep. 1965 India again assaults Pakistan.--radio fought along with nation and army.

Expansion of radio stations in Pakistan

THREE Radio stations- Dhaka (1939), Lahore (1928 -1937) and Peshawar (1935-1942) came in Pakistan on

independence.

Setting up of further radio stations in every nook and corner of Pakistan is as under:

1948

Rawalpindi-3 Radio Station. 500 watts' shortwave transmitter

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1948

Karachi Radio station 100 watts' shortwave transmitter

1949

Rawalpindi station 100 watts' Medium wave transmitter

1950

Karachi Radio Station

1951

Hyderabad Radio Station 1 KW/ SW transmitter

Oct 1956

Quetta Radio Station 1 KW/ SW Transmitter.

Oct 1960

Rawalpindi 2 Radio Station 1KW/ SW Transmitter.

1970

Staff training and technical training school at Islamabad.

1970

Multan Radio Station 120 KW/ MW.

20 Dec.1972

Radio Pakistan was converted into "Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation.

(PBC)

April 1973

World service for overseas Pakistanis

1974

Khairpur Radio station 100 KW

August 1975

Bhawalpur Radio Station 10 KW/ MW

1977

Islamabad Radio Station in the new national Broadcasting house 1000

KW/ MW transmitter

1977:

Skardu Radio Station 250 W/MW

1981:

Turbat Radio Station 250 W/MW

1981:

D.I. Khan Radio Station 10 KW/MW

1981:

Khuzdar Radio Station 250 W/MW

Sept 1982:

Faislabad Radio Station 250 W/MW

May 1986:

New BH at Khairpur

1989:

Sibi Relay Station - 250 W Trans

1989:

Abbotabad Relay Station 250 W/Trans

Aug 1993:

Chittral Radio Station 1 KW/FM Trans

1996:

Loralai Radio Station 10 KW/MW

1996:

Zhob Radio Station 10 KW/MW

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PBC SERVICES:

Home Service (Domestic Network) 21 languages.

World Service for Overseas Pakistanis (Middle-East and Western Europe)

External Service (in almost all important international languages)

News and Current Affairs

Saut ul Quran (Religious Broadcasting

Emergence of FM Broadcasting (1940s)

What is FM?

FM Broadcasting Edwin Howard Armstrong (Inventor)

FM Frequency Modulation

Hi-fidelity sound

Music-News-Sports

First FM Broadcasting stations USA 1940s (Classical Music)

Late 1960s FM became more popular.

1978 FM Stations exceeded AM stations

Emergence of FM in Pakistan (1990s)

First FM Radio FM100

FM 101 (Government Owned)

FM 103

FM 98

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FM 89 and many more.

AM Broadcast Low-Fidelity Sound

AM = Amplitude Modulation

Started in 1906

In 1920s first American radio station was set up at Pittsburg Pennsylvania

1920 to 1950 Golden age of Radio Drama, Music, Comedy and other entertainment programs got

immense popularity.

Distinction between FM & AM

FM = Hi-Fidelity Sound

AM = Low-Fidelity sound

FM = Voice and reception as clear as possible.

AM =Disrupted in large urban cities by concrete bridges, metal reinforcements, tall buildings other audio

frequencies, and electrical noise.

As a result, AM radio has lost its dominance as a music broadcasting service.

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