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![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
LECTURE #
16
Applications of
Basic Mathematics
Part
4
OBJECTIVES
The
objectives of the lecture
are to learn about:
·
Basic
calculations of percentages, salaries
and investments
using
Microsoft
Excel
PERCENTAGE
CHANGE
Monday's
Sales were Rs.1000 and
grew to Rs. 2500 the
next day.
Find
the percent
change.
METHOD
Change
= Final value initial
value
Percentage
change = (Change / initial
value) x 100%
CALCULATION
Initial
value =1000
Final
value = 2500
Change
=
1500
%
Change = (1500/1000) x 100 =
150%
The
calculations using Excel are
given below.
First
the entries of data were
made as follows:
Cell
C4 = 1000
Cell
C5 = 2500
In
cell C6 the formula for
increase was: = C5 C4
The
result was 1500.
In
cell C7 the formula for
percentage change was: =
C6/C4*100
The
result 150 is shown in the
next slide.
Page
102
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
EXAMPLE
1
How
many Percent is Next Day's
sale with reference to
Monday's Sale?
Monday's
sale= 1000
Next
day's sale= 2500
Next
day's sale as % = 2500/1000 x
100 = 250 %
=
Two and a half
times
Page
103
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
EXAMPLE
2
In
the making of dried fruit,
15kg. of fresh fruit shrinks
to 3 kg of dried fruit.
Find
the percentage
change.
Calculation
Original
fruit = 15 kg
Final
fruit = 3 kg
Change
= 3-15 = -12
%
change = - 12/15 x 100 = - 80
%
Size
was reduced by 80%
Page
104
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Calculations
in Excel were done as
follows:
Data
entry
Cell
D19: 15
Cell
D20: 3
Formulas
Formula
for change in Cell D21: =
D20 D19
Formula
for %change in Cell D22: =
D21/D19*100
Results
Cell
D21 = -12 kg
Cell
D22 = -80 %
EXAMPLE
3
After
mixing with water the
weight of cotton increased
from 3 kg to 15 kg.
Find
the
percentage change.
CALCULATION
Original
weight = 3 kg
Final
weight = 15 kg
Change
= 15-3= 12
%
change = 12/3 x 100 = 400
%
Weight
increased by 400%
Page
105
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Calculations
in Excel were done as
follows:
Data
entry
Cell
D26: 3
Cell
D27: 15
Formulas
Formula
for change in Cell D28: =
D27 D26
Formula
for %change in Cell D29: =
D28/D26*100
Results
Cell
D28 = 12 kg
Cell
D29 = 400 %
EXAMPLE
4
A
union signed a three year
collective agreement that
provided for wage
increases
of 3%, 2%, and 1% in
successive years
An
employee is currently earning
5000 rupees per
month
What
will be the salary per
month at the end of the
term of the
contract?
Calculation
=
5000(1 + 3%)(1 + 2%)(1 +
1%)
=
5000 x 1.03 x 1.02 x
1.01
=
5306 Rs.
Calculations
using Excel are shown in
the following slides.
Page
106
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Page
107
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Calculations
in Excel were done as
follows:
Page
108
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Data
entry
Cell
C35: 5000
Cell
C36: 3
Cell
C38: 2
Cell
C40: 1
Formulas
Formula
for salary in year 2 in Cell
C37: =ROUND(C35*(1+C36/100);0)
Formula
for salary year 3 in Cell
C39: =ROUND(C37*(1+C38/100);0)
Formula
for salary at the end of
year 3 in Cell C41:
=ROUND(C35
C39*(1+C39/100);0)
Results
Cell
C37 = 5150 Rs.
Cell
C39 = 5253 Rs.
Cell
C41= 5306 Rs.
EXAMPLE
5
An
investment has been made
for a period of 4
years.
Rates
of return for each year
are 4%, 8%, -10%
and 9% respectively.
If
you invested Rs. 100,000 at
the beginning of the term,
how much will you
have
at
the end of the last
year?
Page
109
![]() MTH001
Elementary Mathematics
Calculations
in Excel were done as
follows:
Data
entry
Cell
C46: 100000
Cell
C47: 4
Cell
C49: 8
Cell
C51: -10
Cell
C53: 9
Formulas
Formula
for value in year 2 in Cell
C48: = ROUND(C46*(1+C47/100);0)
Formula
for value in year 3 in Cell
C50: = ROUND(C48*(1+C49/100);0)
Formula
for value in year 4 in Cell
C52: = ROUND(C50*(1+C51/100);0)
Formula
for salary end of year 4 in
Cell C54: =
ROUND(C52*(1+C53/100);0)
Results
Cell
C48 = 104000 Rs.
Cell
C50 = 112320 Rs.
Cell
C52 = 101088 Rs.
Cell
C54 = 110186Rs.
Page
110
Table of Contents:
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