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Human
Resource Management
(MGT501)
VU
Lesson
43
REVISION
(LESSON 27-35)
KEY
TERMS
Job
Evaluation:
Job
evaluation means systematically determining relative
worth of jobs to
create
job structure.
Point
Method:
Raters
assign numerical values to
specific job components, and
the sum of
these
values provides a quantitative assessment
of a job's relative worth.
Classification
Method:
A
job evaluation method by which a number
of classes or grades are
defined
to
describe a group of jobs is
known as Classification method.
Ranking
Method:
Raters
examine the description of each job being
evaluated and arrange
the
jobs
in order according to their
value to the company.
EAPs:
Specific
programs designed to help
employees with personal
problems.
Positive
Reinforcement:
Applying
a valued consequence that increases the
likelihood that the
person
will
repeat the behavior that led to it is
termed as positive reinforcement.
Punishment:
Punishment
means administering an aversive
consequence.
Merit
Pay:
A
pay increase given to employees
based on their level of performance
as
indicated
in the appraisal.
Equity:
Workers'
perceptions that they are being
treated fairly. Compensation
must be
fair
to all parties concerned and
be perceived as fair
External
Equity:
Exists
when a firm's employees are paid
comparably to workers who
perform
similar
jobs in other firms.
Internal
Equity:
Exists
when employees are paid according to the
relative value of their
jobs
within
an organization.
Compensation:
The
total of all rewards
provided employees in return
for their services.
Job
Pricing:
Job
pricing means placing a
dollar value on the worth of a
job.
Flextime:
The
practice of permitting employees to
choose, with certain
limitations, their
own
working hours.
Capitation:
Typically,
the reimbursement method used by primary
care physicians is an
approach
to health care where providers negotiate
a rate for health care for
a
covered
life over a period of
time.
Disability
protection:
Workers'
compensation protects employees
from job-related accidents
and
illnesses.
Some firms, however, provide additional
protection that is
more
comprehensive.
(ESOP):
A
defined contribution plan in
which a firm contributes stock
shares to a
trust.
Gain
sharing:
Plans
that are designed to bind
employees to the firm's performance
by
providing
an incentive payment based on improved
company performance
Scanlon
plan:
Provides
a financial reward to employees for
savings in labor costs that
result
from
their suggestions.
Telecommuting:
Telecommuting
is a work arrangement whereby
employees are able to
remain
at
home, or otherwise away from
the office, and perform
their work over
telephone
lines tied to a computer
Autonomy:
The
extent of individual freedom and discretion
employees have in
performing
their jobs.
Pay
for Performance
Pay
for performance refers to
any compensation method that
ties pay to the
quantity
or quality of work the person
produces
Empowerment
Empowerment
means giving employees the
authority, tools, and
information
they
need to do their jobs with
greater autonomy
Extinction
withdrawing
or failing or failing to provide a
reinforcing consequence.
Punishment
Administering
an aversive consequence.
Positive
Reinforcement
applying
a valued consequence that
increases the likelihood that the
person
will
repeat the behavior that led to
it.
Motivation
Motivation
is the inner drive that
directs a person's behavior
toward goals.
189
Human
Resource Management
(MGT501)
VU
Safety
Involves
protecting employees from injuries
due to work-related accidents.
Health
Refers
to the employees' freedom from physical
or emotional illness.
Safety
Involves
protecting employees from injuries
due to work-related accidents.
Health
Refers
to the employees' freedom from physical
or emotional illness.
Stress
is the body's nonspecific reaction to any demand
made on it.
Stress
Burnout
The
total depletion of physical
and mental resources caused
by excessive
striving
to reach an unrealistic work-related
goal.
Hypnosis
An
altered state of consciousness
that is artificially induced and
characterized
by
increased receptiveness to
suggestions.
Constraints
Constraints
are barriers that keep us
from doing what we
desire.
Demands
desires
that are backed by the
purchasing power or affordability.
Biofeedback
A
method of learning to control involuntary
bodily processes, such as
blood
pressure
or heart rate.
Transcendental
Meditation A
stress-reduction technique in which an
individual, comfortably
seated,
mentally
repeats a secret word or
phrase provided by a trained
instructor.
Burnout:
An
incapacitating condition in which
individuals lose a sense of the
basic
purpose
and fulfillment of their
work
Communication
Exchange
of information between people; it
occurs when one
person
understands
the meaning of a message sent by another
person, and responds
to
it.
Noise
All
factors that interfere with
and distort communication.
Encoding
Process
by which sender puts a
message in a certain format to
send to the
receiver.
Feedback
Information
about some behavior and its
effect.
Decoding
Process
by which the receiver translates the
sender's message into
an
understandable
form.
Grievance
procedure
A
formal, systematic process
that permits employees to complain
about
matters
affecting them and their
work.
Collective
bargaining
The
process through which
representatives of management and the
union
meet
to negotiate a labor
agreement
Mediation
A
process whereby a neutral third party
enters a labor dispute when
a
bargaining
impasse has occurred.
Boycotts
An
agreement by union members to
refuse to use or buy the
firm's products.
Arbitration
The
process that allows the
parties to submit their dispute to an
impartial third
party
for resolution.
190
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