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INTRODUCTION TO SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES IN CHEMISTRY:POROUS MATERIALS >>
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SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES IN CHEMISTRY
NATIONAL CENTRE FOR CATALYSIS RESEARCH
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MADRAS
April 2008
PREFACE
Synthesis has a central role in the development of Science especially in Chemistry.
The strategies adopted in synthesis of molecules and materials have undergone
considerable changes in recent times and it was felt that it may be necessary to
assess and assimilate information on this topic in a single place.
Though, no
originality is claimed to the contents on this topic, the very fact that the available
information on this topic is available in one place itself is considered to be a major
step forward. To the best of our knowledge, such an attempt has not yet been made
or available in literature, though various comprehensive assessment of various
methods have been made and reported in literature.
The contents of this ebook have been generated from the lectures delivered to the
summer programme for the Children's Club during April 14 to April 30, 2008 at
the National Centre for Catalysis Research (NCCR). The members of the research
community of NCCR are responsible for the compilation of information on each of
the topics presented in this ebook.
We have felt the need for a comprehensive compilation on this topic for various
reasons and we do hope the scientific community will also feel the same way. It is
possible that coverage may not be comprehensive. However, it is our first attempt
to tread into an unknown territory in Science and make a compilation.  In this
sense this can be considered as our humble first attempt. The chapters have been
contributed by individuals and hence the language and style may not be uniform
though we tried very little to make it uniform.
We are grateful to Mr. Narayanaswamy, Secretary, Children's Club, Mylapore,
Chennai 600 004 for his continuous faith in us and also for providing us opportunity
year after year to conduct such programmes. The members of NCCR consider this
as a privilege and wish to record their grateful thanks to him.
They also
acknowledge the support provided by the administration of IIT, Madras to conduct
such programmes.
We do hope this ebook will receive the attention it deserves. We shall be grateful for
any useful feedback on this exercise, so that we will be able to implement them in
our future endeavours.
Chennai 600 036
April 18, 2008
B.Viswanathan
i
Content
S. No.
Title of the Chapter
Page No.
1
Introduction to Synthetic Strategies in Chemistry
1.1-1.7
2
Synthetic Methods based on Activating the Reactant
2.1-2.24
3
Methods based on Activating the Reacting Substance
3.1-3.28
4
Synthesis of Materials based on Solubility Principle
4.1-4.21
5
Sol-gel Techniques
5.1-5.18
6
Template based Synthesis
6.1-6.18
7
Micro-emulsion Techniques
7.1-7.15
8
Synthesis by Solid State Decomposition
8.1-8.11
9
Newer Synthetic Strategies for Nano materials
9.1-9.23
10
The Role of Synthesis in Materials Technology
10.1-10.34
11
Electrochemical Synthesis
11.1-11.10
12
Newer Reactions and Procedures: Catalytic and Non catalytic
12.1-12.24
13
Synthesis Strategies ­ from Laboratory to Industry
13.1-13.8
14.1-14.14
14
Synthesis of Chemicals from CO2
15
Carbohydrates to Chemicals
15.1-15.21
16
Some Conceptual Developments in Synthesis in Chemistry
16.1-16.52
17
Computational Basics Underlying the Synthetic Strategies
17.1-17.23
ii
Table of Contents:
  1. INTRODUCTION TO SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES IN CHEMISTRY:POROUS MATERIALS
  2. SYNTHETIC METHODS BASED ON ACTIVATING THE REACTANT:HALOGENATION OF BENZENE
  3. METHODS BASED ON ACTIVATING THE REACTING SUBSTANCE:Experimental method
  4. SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS BASED ON SOLUBILITY PRINCIPLE
  5. SOL-GEL TECHNIQUES:DEFINITIONS, GENERAL MECHANISM, INORGANIC ROUTE
  6. TEMPLATE BASED SYNTHESISSynthesis, Mechanism and Pathway
  7. MICROEMULSION TECHNIQUES:Significance of Packing Parameter
  8. SYNTHESIS BY SOLID STATE DECOMPOSITION:DECOMPOSITION METHODS
  9. NEWER SYNTHETIC STRATERGIES FOR NANOMATERIALS:Nanostructured Materials
  10. THE ROLE OF SYNTHESIS IN MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY:The Holy Bible
  11. ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS:FEATURES OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS
  12. NEWER REACTIONS AND PROCEDURES: CATALYTIC AND NONCATALYTIC
  13. SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES - FROM LABORATORY TO INDUSTRY
  14. SYNTHESIS OF CHEMICALS FROM CARBON DIOXIDE:Carbon dioxide - Dry Ice
  15. CARBOHYDRATES TO CHEMICALS:MONOSACCHARIDES
  16. SOME CONCEPTUAL DEVELOPMENTS IN SYNTHESIS IN CHEMISTRY
  17. COMPUTATIONAL BASICS UNDERLYING SYNTHETIC STRATEGIES