Human Computer Interaction Computer Science

RIDDLES FOR THE INFORMATION AGE, ROLE OF HCI >>

Human Computer Interaction (CS408)

TABLE OF CONTENTS:

LECTURE 1.

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION PART I ....... 7

LEARNING GOALS ................................................................................................................................ 7

1.1

RIDDLES FOR THE INFORMATION AGE.................................................................................... 9

1.2

ROLE OF HCI ....................................................................................................................... 13

LECTURE 2.

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION PART II.... 14

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 14

2.1

DEFINITION OF HCI.............................................................................................................. 14

2.2

REASONS OF NON-BRIGHT ASPECTS ..................................................................................... 14

2.3

HUMAN VERSES COMPUTER ................................................................................................. 17

2.4

SOFTWARE APARTHEID ........................................................................................................ 18

LECTURE 3.

INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION PART III .. 21

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 21

3.1

AN INDUSTRY IN DENIAL ..................................................................................................... 22

3.2

TECHNO-RAGE ..................................................................................................................... 23

3.3

SUCCESS CRITERIA IN THE NEW ECONOMY.......................................................................... 25

3.4

COMPUTER + INFORMATION................................................................................................. 28

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................... 28

LECTURE 4.

GOALS & EVOLUTION OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION ........... 29

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 29

4.1

GOALS OF HCI ..................................................................................................................... 29

EVOLUTION OF HCI ............................................................................................................. 33

4.2

LECTURE 5.

DISCIPLINE OF HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION................................ 39

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 39

5.1

QUALITY .............................................................................................................................. 39

5.2

INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF HCI ................................................................................... 40

REFERENCE: ....................................................................................................................................... 45

LECTURE 6.

COGNITIVE FRAMEWORKS ............................................................................. 46

LEARNING GOALS............................................................................................................................ 46

6.1

INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 46

6.2

MODES OF COGNITION ......................................................................................................... 48

6.3

HUMAN PROCESSOR MODEL ................................................................................................. 50

6.4

GOMS ................................................................................................................................. 50

6.5

RECENT DEVELOPMENT IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ........................................................... 51

EXTERNAL COGNITION......................................................................................................... 52

6.6

6.7

DISTRIBUTED COGNITION ..................................................................................................... 53

LECTURE 7.

HUMAN INPUT-OUTPUT CHANNELS PART I ............................................ 54

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 54

7.1

INPUT OUTPUT CHANNELS.................................................................................................... 54

7.2

VISION ................................................................................................................................. 55

7.3

VISUAL PERCEPTION............................................................................................................. 57

LECTURE 8.

HUMAN INPUT-OUTPUT CHANNELS PART II.............................................. 62

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 62

8.1

COLOR THEORY ................................................................................................................... 62

8.2

STEREOPSIS .......................................................................................................................... 67

8.3

READING .............................................................................................................................. 70

8.4

HEARING .............................................................................................................................. 70

8.5

TOUCH ................................................................................................................................. 72

8.6

MOVEMENT.......................................................................................................................... 73

Human Computer Interaction (CS408)

LECTURE 9.

COGNITIVE PROCESS - PART I ........................................................................ 77

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 77

9.1

ATTENTION .......................................................................................................................... 77

9.2

MEMORY.............................................................................................................................. 80

9.3

REVISED MEMORY MODEL .................................................................................................. 85

LECTURE 10.

COGNITIVE PROCESSES - PART II ............................................................. 86

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 86

10.1

LEARNING ............................................................................................................................ 86

10.2

READING, SPEAKING AND LISTENING................................................................................... 88

10.3

PROBLEM SOLVING, PLANNING, REASONING AND DECISION-MAKING ................................. 89

LECTURE 11.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ACTIONS ............................................................... 94

LEARNING GOALS .............................................................................................................................. 94

11.1

MENTAL MODEL................................................................................................................... 94

11.2

ERRORS .............................................................................................................................. 100

LECTURE 12.

DESIGN PRINCIPLES .................................................................................... 102

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 102

DESIGN PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................... 104

12.1

LECTURE 13.

THE COMPUTER ............................................................................................ 111

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 111

13.1

INPUT DEVICES ................................................................................................................... 111

13.2

TEXT ENTRY DEVICES......................................................................................................... 112

13.3

POSITIONING, POINTING AND DRAWING ............................................................................ 117

13.4

DISPLAY DEVICES............................................................................................................... 121

13.5

TOUCH, FEEL AND SMELL ................................................................................................... 122

PHYSICAL CONTROLS ......................................................................................................... 122

13.6

13.7

ENVIRONMENT AND BIO SENSING ....................................................................................... 122

LECTURE 14.

INTERACTION ................................................................................................ 123

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 123

14.1

THE TERMS OF INTERACTION ............................................................................................. 123

DONALD NORMAN'S MODEL ............................................................................................. 124

14.2

14.3

THE INTERACTION FRAMEWORK......................................................................................... 125

14.4

FRAMEWORKS AND HCI..................................................................................................... 125

14.5

INTERACTION STYLES......................................................................................................... 129

LECTURE 15.

INTERACTION PARADIGMS....................................................................... 132

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 132

15.1

THE WIMP INTERFACES .................................................................................................... 132

15.2

INTERACTION PARADIGMS ................................................................................................. 136

LECTURE 16.

HCI PROCESS AND MODELS...................................................................... 143

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 143

LECTURE 17.

HCI PROCESS AND METHODOLOGIES................................................... 150

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 150

17.1

LIFECYCLE MODELS ........................................................................................................... 151

17.2

LIFECYCLE MODELS IN HCI................................................................................................ 154

LECTURE 18.

GOAL-DIRECTED DESIGN METHODOLOGIES ..................................... 159

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 159

18.1

GOAL-DIRECTED DESIGN MODEL ...................................................................................... 159

18.2

A PROCESS OVERVIEW........................................................................................................ 160

18.3

TYPES OF USERS ................................................................................................................. 166

LECTURE 19.

USER RESEARCH PART-I ............................................................................ 169

Human Computer Interaction (CS408)

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 169

19.1

TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH .................................................................................... 170

19.2

ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................. 174

LECTURE 20.

USER RESEARCH PART-II........................................................................... 176

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 176

20.1

USER-CENTERED APPROACH ............................................................................................. 176

20.2

ETHNOGRAPHY FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................. 178

20.3

PREPARING FOR ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEWS .................................................................... 182

20.4

PUTTING A PLAN TOGETHER ............................................................................................... 184

LECTURE 21.

USER RESEARCH PART-III ......................................................................... 185

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 185

LECTURE 22.

USER MODELING .......................................................................................... 197

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 197

22.1

WHY MODEL? .................................................................................................................... 197

22.2

PERSONAS .......................................................................................................................... 198

22.3

GOALS................................................................................................................................ 204

22.4

TYPES OF GOALS ................................................................................................................ 204

22.5

CONSTRUCTING PERSONAS................................................................................................. 206

LECTURE 23.

REQUIREMENTS............................................................................................ 211

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 211

23.1

NARRATIVE AS A DESIGN TOOL .......................................................................................... 211

23.2

ENVISIONING SOLUTIONS WITH PERSONA-BASED DESIGN................................................... 213

LECTURE 24.

FRAMEWORK AND REFINEMENTS ......................................................... 219

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 219

24.1

DEFINING THE INTERACTION FRAMEWORK......................................................................... 219

PROTOTYPING .................................................................................................................... 223

24.2

LECTURE 25.

DESIGN SYNTHESIS ...................................................................................... 226

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 226

25.1

INTERACTION DESIGN PRINCIPLES ..................................................................................... 226

25.2

INTERACTION DESIGN PATTERNS ....................................................................................... 230

INTERACTION DESIGN IMPERATIVES .................................................................................. 232

25.3

LECTURE 26.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART I ....................................................................... 234

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 234

26.1

SOFTWARE POSTURE .......................................................................................................... 234

POSTURES FOR THE DESKTOP ............................................................................................. 234

26.2

LECTURE 27.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART II...................................................................... 244

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 244

27.1

POSTURES FOR THE WEB .................................................................................................... 244

27.2

WEB PORTALS .................................................................................................................... 245

27.3

POSTURES FOR OTHER PLATFORMS.................................................................................... 246

27.4

FLOW AND TRANSPARENCY ............................................................................................... 248

27.5

ORCHESTRATION................................................................................................................ 251

LECTURE 28.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART III .................................................................... 260

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 260

28.1

ELIMINATING EXCISE ......................................................................................................... 260

28.2

NAVIGATION AND INFLECTION........................................................................................... 263

LECTURE 29.

EVALUATION PART I ................................................................................ 271

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 271

29.1

EVALUATION PARADIGMS AND TECHNIQUES...................................................................... 273

Human Computer Interaction (CS408)

LECTURE 30.

EVALUATION PART II............................................................................... 279

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 279

30.1

DECIDE: A FRAMEWORK TO GUIDE EVALUATION ............................................................. 279

LECTURE 31.

EVALUATION PART VII............................................................................ 285

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 285

LECTURE 32.

EVALUATION IV ............................................................................................ 294

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 294

32.1

SCENE FROM A MALL ............................................................................................................... 294

32.2

WEB NAVIGATION ............................................................................................................. 296

LECTURE 33.

EVALUATION V.............................................................................................. 310

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 310

33.1

TRY THE TRUNK TEST ......................................................................................................... 312

LECTURE 34.

EVALUATION PART VI ............................................................................. 317

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 317

LECTURE 35.

EVALUATION PART VII............................................................................ 321

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 321

35.1

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EVALUATION AND USABILITY? ............................................ 321

LECTURE 36.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART IV ................................................................. 327

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 327

UNDERSTANDING UNDO ..................................................................................................... 327

36.1

36.2

TYPES AND VARIANTS OF................................................................................................... 329

36.3

INCREMENTAL AND PROCEDURAL ACTIONS........................................................................ 329

SINGLE AND MULTIPLE UNDO ............................................................................................. 330

36.4

36.5

OTHER MODELS FOR UNDO-LIKE BEHAVIOR ..................................................................... 333

36.6

RETHINKING FILES AND SAVE............................................................................................ 337

ARCHIVING ........................................................................................................................ 339

36.7

36.8

IMPLEMENTATION MODEL VERSUS MENTAL MODEL ......................................................... 340

DISPENSING WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION MODEL OF THE FILE SYSTEM ............................ 341

36.9

36.10 DESIGNING A UNIFIED FILE PRESENTATION MODEL .......................................................... 341

LECTURE 37.

BEHAVIOR & FORM - PART V ................................................................... 343

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 343

37.1

UNIFIED DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT.................................................................................. 343

CREATING A MILESTONE COPY OF THE DOCUMENT ............................................................ 346

37.2

37.3

ARE DISKS AND FILES SYSTEMS A FEATURE? .................................................................... 347

37.4

TIME FOR CHANGE ............................................................................................................. 348

37.5

MAKING SOFTWARE CONSIDERATE ................................................................................... 348

37.6

CONSIDERATE SOFTWARE IS POSSIBLE............................................................................... 354

37.7

MAKING SOFTWARE SMARTS:............................................................................................ 355

37.8

PUTTING THE IDLE CYCLES TO WORK................................................................................ 355

37.9

GIVING SOFTWARE A MEMORY.......................................................................................... 356

37.10 TASK COHERENCE.............................................................................................................. 357

37.11 ACTIONS TO REMEMBER .................................................................................................... 358

37.12 APPLYING MEMORY TO YOUR APPLICATIONS ................................................................... 359

37.13 MEMORY MAKES A DIFFERENCE ....................................................................................... 361

LECTURE 38.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART VI ................................................................. 362

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 362

38.1

DESIGNING LOOK AND FEEL .............................................................................................. 362

38.2

PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL INTERFACE DESIGN ....................................................................... 364

LECTURE 39.

BEHAVIOR & FORM PART VII................................................................ 367

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 367

Human Computer Interaction (CS408)

39.1

PROVIDE VISUAL STRUCTURE AND FLOW AT EACH LEVEL OFORGANIZATION...................... 367

39.2

PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL INFORMATION DESIGN .................................................................. 374

39.3

USE OF TEXT AND COLOR IN VISUAL INTERFACES............................................................. 376

39.4

CONSISTENCY AND STANDARDS ........................................................................................ 378

LECTURE 40.

OBSERVING USER ......................................................................................... 381

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 381

40.1

WHAT AND WHEN TO OBSERVE .......................................................................................... 381

40.2

HOW TO OBSERVE ............................................................................................................ 381

40.3

DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................................ 385

40.4

INDIRECT OBSERVATION: TRACKING USERS' ACTIVITIES..................................................... 386

40.5

ANALYZING, INTERPRETING, AND PRESENTING THE DATA .............................................. 387

LECTURE 41.

ASKING USERS ............................................................................................... 390

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 390

41.1

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................. 390

41.2

ASKING USERS: INTERVIEWS .............................................................................................. 390

41.3

ASKING USERS: QUESTIONNAIRES ................................................................................... 394

41.4

ASKING EXPERTS: WALKTHROUGHS ............................................................................. 399

LECTURE 42.

COMMUNICATING USERS .......................................................................... 402

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 402

ELIMINATING ERRORS........................................................................................................ 402

42.1

42.2

POSITIVE FEEDBACK........................................................................................................... 407

42.3

NOTIFYING AND CONFIRMING ............................................................................................ 408

42.4

ALERTS AND CONFIRMATIONS ........................................................................................... 408

ELIMINATING CONFIRMATIONS ............................................................................... 412

42.5

42.6

REPLACING DIALOGS: RICH MODELESS FEEDBACK ........................................................... 413

42.7

RICH VISUAL MODELESS FEEDBACK ................................................................................... 413

LECTURE 43...................................................................................................................................... 415

LECTURE 43.

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL ...................................................................... 415

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 415

43.1

AUDIBLE FEEDBACK........................................................................................................... 415

43.2

OTHER COMMUNICATION WITHUSERS.................................................................................... 417

43.3

IMPROVING DATA RETRIEVAL ........................................................................................... 424

LECTURE 44.

EMERGING PARADIGMS............................................................................. 429

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 429

44.1

ACCESSIBILITY................................................................................................................... 431

LECTURE 45.

CONCLUSION.................................................................................................. 437

LEARNING GOALS ............................................................................................................................ 437

45.1

WEARABLE COMPUTING .................................................................................................... 438

45.2

TANGIBLE BITS .................................................................................................................. 440

45.3

ATTENTIVE ENVIRONMENTS .............................................................................................. 442

Table of Contents: