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GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS:Advocates of Globalization

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International Relations-PSC 201
VU
LESSON 37
GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Globalization implies increased flow of information and interaction around the world. To say more things
are flowing does not mean that they are flowing more equitably or that all the flows are beneficial. While
flows among developed states may be increasing dramatically, increases are far less dramatic for developing
states.
Advocates of Globalization
Globalization is promoted by governments of rich countries and major international organizations
dominated by rich countries:
-
Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development  (OECD),
intergovernmental
think  tank from world's 29 richest
countries. OECD states produce
2/3 of world's
goods and services
-
International Monetary Fund, which makes loans to countries facing bankruptcy
-
World Bank, which makes
loans for development projects
-
World Trade Organization, which oversees world trade and aims to promote it further
Why is the World Globalizing?
Technological changes, particularly in communications (phone and Internet connections) and transportation
(cars, ships, planes) move not only ideas but also money and services now. Technology makes access to new
markets possible and also enables flexible productions processes. Transnational linkages are not driven by
economics but by bonds forged across countries both directly by immigration and indirectly by
transnational loyalties and allegiances. Deliberate policy choices (Liberalization of trade, foreign direct
investment, and capital) are pursuing a more global economy and culture.
Reconsidering Globalization
Globalization involves a major change in where power is located in the world. Globalization involves a
change in how much states can control these flows of people, information, etc.
International institutions and regimes like WTO, EU, NAFTA, ILO, and other international organizations
can, within limits, restrict the freedom of states. Globalization is a complex phenomenon, which is likely to
lead to greater concentrations of power in some cases and, at the same time, empowering of some who are
not yet empowered.
Relevant Vocabulary
Flexible ­ enabling use of different options
Regimes ­ rulers in power
Enables ­ allows or promotes
Transnational ­ across several nations
Suggested Readings
Students are advised to read the following to develop a better understanding of the various principals
highlighted in this hand-out:
Globalization and its challenges in the 21st Century
www.bisa.ac.uk/bisanews/0109/Globalization.htm
Table of Contents:
  1. WHAT IS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND WHAT IS ITS RELEVANCE?
  2. APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: THEORIES IN IR
  3. APPROACHES TO INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:Traditional Approach
  4. THE NATION-STATE SYSTEM:Further Evolution of Nation-State
  5. THE NATION STATE SYSTEM: BASIC FEATURES OF A NATION-STATE
  6. NATIONAL INTEREST:Criteria for Defining National Interest
  7. NATIONAL INTEREST:Variations in National Interest, Relevant Vocabulary
  8. BALANCE OF POWER (BOP):BoP from a historical perspective
  9. BALANCE OF POWER (CONTINUED):Degree of Polarization, Functions of BoP
  10. DIPLOMACY:How Diplomacy Functions, Traditional Versus Modern Diplomacy
  11. DIPLOMACY (CONTINUED):Diplomatic Procedures & Practices, Functions of Diplomacy
  12. COLONIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM & IMPERIALISM:Judging Colonization
  13. COLONIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM & IMPERIALISM:Types of Neo-Colonialism
  14. COLONIALISM, NEO-COLONIALISM & IMPERIALISM:Objectives of Imperialism
  15. NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER:Criticism of IEO, NIEO Activities
  16. NEW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER:Prerequisites for the NIEO
  17. NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT:Origin of NAM, NAM’s Institutional Structure
  18. NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT (CONTINUED):Cairo Summit, Egypt - 1964
  19. NON-ALIGNMENT MOVEMENT:Criticism of NAM, NAM and Pakistan
  20. THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS - INTRODUCING THE COLD WAR PHENOMENON
  21. THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS (CONTINUED):Truman Doctrine, Marshal Plan
  22. THE COLD WAR AND ITS IMPACTS (CONTINUED):End of the Cold War
  23. DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL:History of Disarmament
  24. DISARMAMENT AND ARMS CONTROL (CONTINUED):Other Disarmament Efforts
  25. THE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
  26. THE RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (CONTINUED)
  27. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS:Need for IGOs, Categorizing IGOs
  28. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED):United Nations, Criticism of the UN
  29. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (CONTINUED):European Union, World Bank
  30. THE ROLE OF DECISION MAKING IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
  31. DECISION MAKING (CONTINUED):Rational Actor Model, Group Politics Model
  32. SYSTEMS APPROACH TO IR:Underlying Assumptions, Elements of the System
  33. SYSTEMS BASED APPROACH (CONTINUED) – DISTINCT SYSTEMS IN IR
  34. LIBERALISM AND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY:Neoliberalism
  35. LIBERALISM AND SOCIAL DEMOCRACY (CONTINUED):Liberalism vs. Social Democracy
  36. INTEGRATION IN IR:Preconditions for Integration, Assessing Integration
  37. GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS:Advocates of Globalization
  38. THE GLOBAL DIVIDE:World Social Forum, Can the Global Divide Be Bridged?
  39. FOCUS ON FOREIGN INVESTMENTS:Pro-poor Foreign Investments
  40. CONFLICT AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION:Components of a Conflict
  41. CONFLICT RESOLUTION:Creative response, Appropriate assertiveness
  42. THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT:Global Concern for the Environment
  43. THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT:Environmental Concerns and IR, Some Other Issues
  44. HOW IR DIFFER FROM DOMESTIC POLITICS?:Strategies for altering state behavior
  45. CHANGE AND IR:Continuity in IR, Causality and counterfactuals, IR in a nutshell